Course

O Level Chemistry: Organic Chemistry (5070)

Name: O Level Chemistry: Organic Chemistry (5070)
Price: 999 BDT

The whole of 5070 section 11, taught with things from home: formulae and naming, fuels, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters and polymers.

54 lessons8h 15mEnglish

What you'll learn

Draw, name and classify organic compounds of up to four carbon atoms
Describe how fuels and alkenes come from petroleum and how alkenes react
Explain how ethanol, ethanoic acid and esters are made and used
Build addition and condensation polymers and discuss plastic disposal

Requirements

Covalent bonding, balanced equations and relative formula mass

Course content

54 lessons · 8h 15m

11.1-11.2 · Formulae, functional groups and naming

Draw displayed and structural formulae, use functional groups and general formulae, tell saturated from unsaturated, name compounds up to four carbons and spot structural isomers.

0/11

Displayed formulae

A displayed formula shows every atom and every bond. Carbon always makes four bonds.

Preview10m 2.

Structural formulae

A structural formula such as CH3CH2OH shows how the atoms are arranged, without drawing every bond.

Preview10m

Functional groups and homologous series

A functional group decides how a compound reacts. A homologous series is a family with the same group.

10m

General formulae

One formula with n fits a whole series: CnH2n+2, CnH2n, CnH2n+1OH and CnH2n+1COOH.

10m

Saturated and unsaturated compounds

Saturated means every carbon to carbon bond is single. Unsaturated means at least one is not.

10m

Naming alkanes and alkenes

The start of a name counts the carbons; -ane or -ene gives the family; a number places the double bond.

10m

Naming alcohols and carboxylic acids

Alcohols end in -ol and carboxylic acids in -oic acid. Vinegar is ethanoic acid.

10m

Structural isomers

Isomers have the same molecular formula but a different structure, like butane and methylpropane.

10m

Formulae, functional groups and naming: practice

A timed drill of mixed cards, then mixed questions with full working.

10.

Formulae, functional groups and naming: exam practice

Exam-style questions with marks, mark schemes and full worked solutions.

15m

11.

Formulae, functional groups and naming: summary

The key points, formulae and common mistakes on one screen, with cards to revise from.

11.3-11.4 · Fuels and alkanes

Name the fossil fuels, describe how petroleum is separated into fractions and what each is used for, and describe the combustion and substitution reactions of alkanes.

0/9

Fossil fuels and hydrocarbons

Coal, natural gas and petroleum are fossil fuels. Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Preview10m 2.

Fractional distillation of petroleum

Petroleum vapour cools as it rises up a column, and each fraction condenses at its own height.

Preview10m

How the properties of the fractions change

Up the column, chains get shorter, boiling points lower, and the fractions more volatile and runny.

10m

Uses of the fractions

From refinery gas for cooking to bitumen for roads: the eight fractions and their uses.

10m

Alkanes

Alkanes have only single bonds, so they are saturated and unreactive, but they burn well.

10m

Substitution reactions of alkanes

In ultraviolet light, chlorine replaces one hydrogen atom of an alkane.

10m

Fuels and alkanes: practice

A timed drill of mixed cards, then mixed questions with full working.

Fuels and alkanes: exam practice

Exam-style questions with marks, mark schemes and full worked solutions.

15m

Fuels and alkanes: summary

The key points, equations and common mistakes on one screen, with cards to revise from.

11.5 · Alkenes

Describe the C=C bond, how cracking makes alkenes and why it is needed, the bromine-water test, and the addition of bromine, hydrogen and steam.

0/9

Alkenes

Alkenes have a carbon to carbon double bond, so they are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Preview10m 2.

Cracking

Heat and a catalyst break large alkane molecules into smaller alkanes, alkenes and hydrogen.

Preview10m

Why cracking is needed

Crude oil gives too much of the long chains and too little petrol; cracking also makes alkenes for plastics.

10m

Testing for alkenes with bromine water

An alkene turns orange bromine water colourless. An alkane leaves it orange.

10m

Addition of bromine and hydrogen

In an addition reaction the double bond opens and one product forms.

10m

Addition of steam

Steam adds to ethene with an acid catalyst to make ethanol.

10m

Alkenes: practice

A timed drill of mixed cards, then mixed questions with full working.

Alkenes: exam practice

Exam-style questions with marks, mark schemes and full worked solutions.

15m

Alkenes: summary

The key points, equations and common mistakes on one screen, with cards to revise from.

11.2, 11.6-11.7 · Alcohols and carboxylic acids

Compare the two ways of making ethanol, describe its combustion and uses, the reactions of ethanoic acid, how it is made by oxidation, and how acids and alcohols make esters.

0/9

Manufacture of ethanol

Ethanol is made by fermenting glucose with yeast, or by adding steam to ethene. Each has pros and cons.

Preview10m 2.

Combustion and uses of ethanol

Ethanol burns to carbon dioxide and water, so it is a fuel. It is also a solvent.

Preview10m

Reactions of carboxylic acids

Ethanoic acid reacts with metals, bases and carbonates to give ethanoate salts.

10m

Making ethanoic acid by oxidation

Ethanol is oxidised to ethanoic acid by acidified potassium manganate(VII), or by bacteria in vinegar making.

10m

Esters

A carboxylic acid and an alcohol, warmed with an acid catalyst, make a fruity-smelling ester and water.

10m

Naming esters

The alcohol gives the first word (ethyl) and the acid the second (ethanoate).

10m

Alcohols and carboxylic acids: practice

A timed drill of mixed cards, then mixed questions with full working.

Alcohols and carboxylic acids: exam practice

Exam-style questions with marks, mark schemes and full worked solutions.

15m

Alcohols and carboxylic acids: summary

The key points, equations and common mistakes on one screen, with cards to revise from.

11.8 · Polymers

Build addition and condensation polymers, find repeat units and monomers, draw nylon, PET and proteins, and describe the problems plastics cause and how PET is recycled.

0/11

Polymers and monomers

A polymer is a very long molecule made by joining many small monomers. Plastics are polymers.

Preview10m 2.

Addition polymerisation

Alkene monomers open their double bonds and join into one chain. Nothing else is made.

Preview10m

Deducing the monomer of an addition polymer

Find the two-carbon repeat unit, then put the double bond back to get the monomer.

10m

Condensation polymers: nylon and PET

Monomers with two reactive groups join and give off water: nylon has amide links, PET has ester links.

10m

Addition and condensation polymerisation compared

Addition: one kind of alkene monomer, one product. Condensation: two groups per monomer, water given off.

10m

Proteins

Proteins are natural polyamides made from amino acid monomers joined by amide links.

10m

Plastics and the environment

Plastics do not rot, so they fill landfill sites and oceans, and burning them gives toxic gases.

10m

Recycling PET

PET can be broken back into its monomers and made into new PET.

10m

Polymers: practice

A timed drill of mixed cards, then mixed questions with full working.

10.

Polymers: exam practice

Exam-style questions with marks, mark schemes and full worked solutions.

15m

11.

Polymers: summary

The key points, structures and common mistakes on one screen, with cards to revise from.

About the creator

8bitlesson

Cambridge O Level, A Level and university courses, taught through interactive labs.

Mentora builds the sciences and mathematics as things you can move rather than videos you watch. Cambridge O Level and A Level mathematics, physics, chemistry and accounting, a primary mathematics track, and first-year university computer science. Every lesson works a real exam question end to end.