Course

AS Chemistry: Organic Patterns and Reactions (9701)

Name: AS Chemistry: Organic Patterns and Reactions (9701)
Price: 1799 BDT

Read a molecule before you react it: formula languages, orbital hybridisation and shape, structural and cis-trans isomerism, and chirality in three dimensions.

24 lessons2h 32mEnglish

What you'll learn

Translate displayed, structural and skeletal formulae without losing connectivity
Apply systematic IUPAC nomenclature to chains, branches and functional groups
Explain sp3 and sp2 hybridisation, bond angles, and where sigma and pi bonds come from
Identify structural isomers, cis-trans geometric isomers and optical enantiomers
Tell a radical mechanism from a polar one by whether electrons move singly or in pairs
Draw curly arrows for free-radical substitution, electrophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution and elimination
Order carbon-halogen bonds by the enthalpy that decides their rate of hydrolysis
Decide between SN1 and SN2 from the class of the halogenoalkane, and read the rate law as evidence
Write complete and incomplete combustion equations, and explain what a yellow flame indicates
Predict substitution or elimination from the solvent and the class of the halogenoalkane
Classify an alcohol and predict whether and how far it can be oxidised
Draw the repeat unit of an addition polymer, and explain why its formula matches the monomer
Choose distillation or reflux to stop an oxidation at the aldehyde or take it to the acid

Requirements

AS chemical bonding, orbital hybridisation, electronegativity and reaction energetics

Course content

24 lessons · 2h 32m

13.1-13.4 · Organic language, shapes and isomerism

Notation, shape and every kind of isomerism, taught by sorting and building rather than by listing. The expensive answer is always "I already have that one".

0/6

Representing organic molecules

Displayed, structural and skeletal formulae, and the IUPAC rules that turn a structure into a name.

Preview7m 2.

Hybridisation and molecular shapes

sp3, sp2 and sp, the bond angles each gives, and where a sigma bond and a pi bond come from.

Preview7m

Structural and cis-trans isomerism

Chain, position and functional-group isomers, and why counting them is harder than it looks.

E/Z nomenclature

When there is no identical pair, cis and trans have nothing to refer to. Rank the groups instead.

Chirality and optical isomerism

Four different groups, a mirror image you cannot superimpose, and the meso case where two chiral centres give nothing.

Organic language and isomerism: exam question

Apply the chapter in a new context, then compare the response with a multi-mark scheme.

14.1-14.2 · Hydrocarbons: radicals and electrophiles

Separate the two mechanisms that carry AS hydrocarbon chemistry: radicals moving single electrons under ultraviolet light, and pi electrons moving in pairs at an electrophile.

0/5

Alkanes and free-radical substitution

Walk initiation, propagation and termination one fishhook at a time, and explain why this route always gives a mixture.

Preview8m 2.

Alkenes and electrophilic addition

Trace the pi pair to the electrophile, count the missing bond on the carbocation, and derive the strength of the pi bond.

Preview8m

Alkane combustion

Complete combustion gives a blue flame; starve it of air and carbon monoxide and soot appear, and less energy is released.

Addition polymerisation

The pi bond opens and every atom is kept, so the repeat unit has the same formula as the monomer. That is what separates it from condensation.

Hydrocarbons: exam question

One structured Paper 2 question across both mechanisms, with the mark scheme and the errors that lose the marks.

15.1 · Halogenoalkanes: substitution, rate and elimination

Attack the polar carbon with a nucleophile, order four carbon-halogen bonds by the enthalpy that decides their rate, then change only the solvent and get an alkene instead of an alcohol.

0/5

Halogenoalkanes and nucleophilic substitution

Follow a lone pair onto the delta-positive carbon, watch the halide leave with the pair, and compare three nucleophiles.

Preview8m 2.

The carbon-halogen bond and the rate of hydrolysis

Place four carbon-halogen bonds on a rate axis, separate bond enthalpy from polarity, and read the silver halide precipitate.

Preview7m

Substitution against elimination

Change only the solvent: the hydroxide becomes a base, and the product is an alkene rather than an alcohol.

SN1 against SN2

The substrate picks the mechanism: a crowded tertiary carbon blocks SN2 and stabilises the carbocation SN1 needs.

Halogenoalkanes: exam question

One structured Paper 2 question across the silver nitrate rate test, the two solvents and a mass calculation.

16.1 · Hydroxy compounds: classification, oxidation and esters

Classify an alcohol to predict its chemistry, control an oxidation with apparatus rather than reagent, and take the two remaining routes out of a hydroxyl group.

0/4

Alcohols and their classification

Compare the hydration and fermentation routes to ethanol, then classify an alcohol and predict whether it can oxidise.

Preview7m 2.

Controlled oxidation of alcohols

Distil for the aldehyde and reflux for the acid, then prove which bottle holds the acid with a carbonate.

Preview8m

Dehydration and esterification

Eliminate water to reach an alkene, reach equilibrium with an acid to reach an ester, and name the ester from its two reactants.

Hydroxy compounds: exam question

One structured Paper 2 question across classification, the apparatus that chooses the product, and ester naming.

About the creator

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